Treatment
Gums
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is one of the main oral problems in adults. It is a deep inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth: the gum, the cementum, the supporting fibers (desmodont) and the alveolar bone.
It most often occurs when an individual’s immune systems are weakened. It usually manifests itself as inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), which tends to gradually spread to the bone tissue and form “infected pockets” between the tooth and the gums. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead in the long term to loosening and even tooth loss.
Causes
Periodontitis is a dental disease whose origin is rather complex to define. However, numerous studies in the field have shown that this disease occurs mainly in the presence of oral bacteria (harmful or pathogenic) and the weakening or lack of responsiveness of the immune system. Several factors contribute to the development of this dental disease, including smoking, alcohol, infection, poor diet and certain general diseases, such as diabetes. The presence of bacteria on the teeth and gums weakens the alveolar ligament, the support structure of the tooth. The onset of periodontitis is manifested by the deterioration of the alveolar bone around the tooth. Periodontitis can be localized, i.e. affecting one tooth, or generalized.
Risks
Periodontitis is the consequence of untreated or poorly treated gingivitis. It causes swelling of the gums, destruction of the alveolar bone, pain and loosening of the teeth. If not treated properly, teeth can fall out. Chronic periodontitis evolves over several years, beginning in adolescence and undergoing a rapid evolution in adults. Chronic periodontitis has negative effects on the entire body and can cause bacterial heart disease, serious cardiovascular disease and lung infections.
Prevention
Prevention is the best way to avoid periodontitis. This starts with good oral hygiene to prevent the development of Gingivitis.
But good habits are not enough to prevent this type of condition. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist can often prevent complications.
Once the patient has periodontitis, the dentist must perform treatments such as curettages (deep cleaning) or surgeries to stop the disease and save the patient’s teeth.
To avoid these complications, the patient should adopt a healthy lifestyle: consult a dentist regularly, ensure regular brushing of teeth (twice a day), floss at least once a day before going to bed and reduce the use of tobacco and alcohol.
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